Feb 26, 2017 description of the properties of p primary and s secondary waves. Transverse waves particles move perpendicular to the motion of the wave 14. They can be divided into body waves that travel through the interior of the materials. Basic overview of how they are used to determine the structure and properties of the layers of the earth. Pwaves and swaves are sometimes collectively called body waves. The waves can also bend as they pass from one layer into another. A type of seismic wave that forms when p and s waves reach earths surface. P waves are longitudinal waves while s waves are transverse waves. Seismic waves are often associated with earthquakes, but these waves, forces of energy, can be produced from volcanic eruptions, massive landslides, and. Isn 46 seismic waves illustrations open text to pg 224 1 look at the visuals and read the captions 2 describe how the 3 types of waves are different and what type of. Because of the elastic properties of earth materials rocks and the presence of the earths surface, four main types of seismic waves propagate within the earth. However, where a free surface is present like the earthair interface these two types of. In this lesson, we discussed four types of seismic waves.
Seismic waves earthquakes discovering geology british. Longitudinal waves are a class of waves in which the particles of the disturbed medium are displaced in a direction that is parallel to the direction of propagation of the. The widespread windgenerated waves are, for example, responsible for inducing considerable loads. Description of the properties of p primary and s secondary waves. There are three basic types of seismic waves pwaves, swaves and surface waves. Nov 23, 2018 the main types of seismic waves are the following. In a pwave, the soil particles move in the same direction as the wave. Reflected seismic waves versus refracted seismic waves. This wave behaviour can also be used on a smaller scale by recording waves generated by explosions or ground vibrators in the search for oil and gas. P waves primary waves s waves secondary waves l waves surface waves rayleigh waves.
There are three basic types of seismic waves p waves, s waves and surface waves. This powerpoint covers the three different types of seismic waves produced by earthquakes. P waves are seismic waves that compress and expand the ground like an accordion. Compressional p and shear s waves propagate through the earths interior and are known as body waves. The waves that originate from the earthquake are called earthquake waves,how many classification of seismic wave, 3types of seismic wave. In addition, the waves can reflect, or bounce, off boundaries between different layers. Through the body of the earth these are called pwaves for primary because they are fastest and swaves for secondary since they are slower. Nov 06, 2014 types of seismic waves surface waves rayleight waves rayleigh waves, also called ground roll, are surface waves that travel like ripples of water. Seismic waves are vibrations, or oscillating displacements from an undisturbed position, that propagate from a source, such as an explosion or mechanical vibrator, through the earth. There are several different kinds of seismic waves. Displaying top 8 worksheets found for types of seismic waves. There are two types of body waves, pressure waves or primary waves pwaves and shear or secondary. Students learn how engineers build shake tables that simulate the ground motions of the earth caused by seismic.
Types of waves mechanical, electromagnetic, matter waves. Types of seismic waves chino valley unified school district. In geophysics the refraction or reflection of seismic waves is used for research into the structure of the earths interior, and manmade vibrations are. Primary and secondary waves are known as body waves, and these waves penetrate the interior of the earth, whereas surface waves do not penetrate the earth. Seismic waves are waves of energy that travel through the earths layers, and are a result of. Out of the four types p, s, and l are the main types of seismic waves. Earthquakes create distinct types of waves with different velocities. Youve seen my video on the actual layers of the earth, and seismic waves are crucial to actually realizing how people figured out. Longitudinal and transverse waves types of waves bbc bitesize.
Type and names, particle motion, typical velocity, other characteristics. When you toss a pebble into a pond, it creates radiating waves in the water. Earthquakes and the earths interior earthquakes earthquakes occur when energy stored in elastically strained rocks is suddenly released. Seismic waves can cause earthquakes and have destructive capability. Longitudinal and transverse waves types of waves gcse. All three types of seismic wave are generated in an earthquake, and we can monitor them to find out about the nature of one. The energy released by the disturbance propagates away from the source of the disturbance as seismic waves. Characteristics1 as the wave moves towards it, the rock is tremble in parallel to it, it is known as a longitudinal wave. They are the energy that travels through the earth and is recorded on seismographs. The energy released during the movement of tectonic plates creates waves, and these waves are known as seismic waves. What i want to do in this video is talk a little bit about seismic waves. Some types of explosive or the impact of a mass furnishes the energy which is detected by sensitive seismometers operating with electronic amplifiers and a suitable recorder. P waves and s waves are sometimes collectively called body waves.
The different types of seismic waves are described. Isn 46 seismic waves illustrations open text to pg 224 1 look at the visuals and read the captions 2 describe how the 3 types of waves are different and what type of damage could be a result try to include pictures. The most familiar type of surface wave is the rayleigh wave fig. The types of seismic waves are p waves which are longitudinal and s waves which are transverse. Four types of seismic waves specifications of all types. Seismic waves are the waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion. Surface waves are the slowest seismic waves and travel outward on the earths surface from the epicenter much like ripples do from a stone thrown into water figure 3. Seismic waves travel through the layers of the earth. There are less visible but equally pervasive sound waves and electromagnetic waves.
The dangers of earthquakes are presented as well as the necessity for engineers to design structures for earthquakeprone areas that are able to withstand the forces of seismic waves. Compare and contrast seismic waves to ripples on water. Apr, 2014 water waves earthquakeseismic waves sound waves waves that travel down a rope or spring types of mechanical waves 12. The p and s waves help determine where the epicenter is located. Seismic wave, vibration generated by an earthquake, explosion, or similar energetic source and propagated within the earth or along its surface. Wave theory of travel time, reflection, absorption, diffusion, and refraction are applicable to seismic interpretation and quite different principles are involved than the. Unlike a radar, the seismic waves could have two path ways.
Seismic waves are elastic waves that propagate in solid or fluid materials. As it flows through contraction and expansion of substances, it is called contraction wave. Types of seismic waves surface waves rayleight waves rayleigh waves, also called ground roll, are surface waves that travel like ripples of water. These waves travel slower than both s and p waves, but have a higher amplitude and so can be the most destructive of all the seismic waves. They create most of the damage at the surface because they are the waves that produce the most ground movement and pass through an area the most slowly. Types of ocean surface waves, wave classification in. This type of dispersion is well known from optics, since the velocity of light in material media depends on frequency. Body waves can travel through the earths inner layers, but. One, because theyre interesting by themselves, but theyre also really useful for figuring out what the actual composition of the earth is.
At all distances from the focus, mechanical properties of the rocks, such as incompressibility, rigidity, and density, play a role in the speed with which the waves travel and the shape and duration of the wave trains. This release of energy causes intense ground shaking in the area near the source of the earthquake and sends waves of elastic energy, called seismic waves, throughout the earth. L, love waves transverse horizontal motion, perpendicular to the direction of propagation and generally parallel to the earths surface v l. Analogously, surface elastic waves can propagate along the surface of an elastic substance. The two main types of waves are body waves and surface waves. Ppt types of seismic waves powerpoint presentation free. These are the first body waves the ones that travel the fastest and through any type of medium solid, liquid. The widespread windgenerated waves are, for example, responsible for. The three types of seismic waves are primary waves, secondary waves and surface waves. Waves 6 4 conclusions 7 glossary 7 relatedarticles 7 references 7 1 surfacewaves waves affect a large number of marine activities and biochemical processes that take place on and below the ocean surface. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
Apr 28, 20 the different types of seismic waves are described. Seismic wave propagation and earth models gfzpublic. Introduction and types a wave is a transfer of energy through a medium from one point to another. More often, however, one needs to understand large set of possible waves. Ppt types of seismic waves powerpoint presentation. The first two are body waves, the latter two are surface waves.
Includes activities on elasticity, demonstrating seismic wave types with the slinky, water waves in a wave tank, wave velocity, and the human wave demonstration. Explain that the amplitude of seismic waves is related to the amount of energy released from the source and decreases with distance from the source. S waves are seismic waves that vibrate from side to side as well as up and down. Body waves can travel through the earths inner layers, but surface waves can only move along the surface of the planet like ripples on water. Classification of waves according to how particles move through them transverse waves longitudinal waves.
Similar waves, which are generated by earthquakes, artificial explosions and analogous sources, and prpagate along the earths surface, are referred to as seismic surface waves. While rayleigh waves exist at any free surface, love waves require some kind of wave guide formed by velocity gradient. They can be either longitudinal rayleigh or transverse love and rayleigh. P waves in a liquid or gas are pressure waves, including sound waves. Chapter 2 section 2 earthquakes and seismic waves quizlet. Seismic waves and earthquake location earthquake science center. Seismic waves are fundamentally of two types, compressional, longitudinal waves or shear, transverse waves. The physics of waves version date february 15, 2015. Among the many types of seismic waves, one can make a broad distinction between body. Sea waves or tides, a sound which we hear, a photon of light travelling and even the movement of small plants blown by the wind are all examples of different types of waves.
Students learn about the types of seismic waves produced by earthquakes and how they move the earth. When the plates fracture or slip, energy is released as seismic waves source. Among the many types of seismic waves, one can make a broad distinction between body waves, which travel through the earth, and surface waves, which travel at the earths surface 4850. As its name suggests, a surface wave travels on the surface of the earth. Even more important, though only touched on in this book, is the wave phenomenon of quantum mechanics, built into the fabric of our space and time. The seismic waves that propagate through the earth are called body waves and are either p waves or s waves.
Pwaves, also known as primary waves or pressure waves, travel at the greatest velocity through the earth. The division of the earth into the earths crust, mantle and core, the later division into socalled bullen zones, or the latest laterally inhomogeneous models of the earth are all based predominantly on studies of seismic body waves. Some of the worksheets for this concept are seismic waves, name date engineering waves seismic waves work, activityseismic slinky, additional teaching materials, looking at work and activity, activityseismic slinky, name date anatomy of a wave work, teacher guide. Sometimes one is interested in a single specific wave, like how the earth vibrated after the 1929 murchison earthquake. S, shear, secondary, transverse alternating transverse motions perpendicular to the direction of propagation, and the raypath. It also suggests on how students can demonstrate the different types of waves with a slinky. Types of seismic waves there are several different kinds of seismic waves, and they all move in different ways. The layering of the rocks and the physical properties of surface soil also affect wave characteristics. Seismic waves can be defined as, the waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion1. Wave is a flow or transfer of energy in the form of oscillation through a medium space or mass.
Complete parts and turn in your completed lab in the clear tray for a classwork grade. There are familiar, everyday sorts of waves in water, ropes and springs. Along with this wave flow, the particles of the material move forward and backward, so this is called a pushpull wave. Mercalli scale a scale that rates earthquakes according to their intensity and how much damage they cause at a particular place. Read the following information about seismic waves and complete the concept map and wave labeling. Words defined and illustrated are focus, epicenter, primary p waves, secondary s waves, surface waves, love wa. There are several different kinds of seismic waves, and they all move in different ways. The existence of these waves was predicted by john william strutt, lord rayleigh, in 1885.
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